Buying your first home is one of the most significant financial decisions you'll make. The process can feel overwhelming, but understanding the basics will help you approach it with confidence.
Start with your finances
Before you begin house hunting, take a clear look at your financial picture. Check your credit score — most conventional mortgages require a minimum score of 620, though higher scores unlock better rates. Review your monthly budget to understand how much you can comfortably afford. A general guideline is that your monthly housing costs shouldn't exceed 28% of your gross monthly income.
Save for a down payment
While the traditional advice is 20% down, many programs allow much less. FHA loans require as little as 3.5% down. Some conventional loans start at just 3%. However, putting down less than 20% typically means paying private mortgage insurance (PMI), which adds to your monthly costs.
Meridian offers first-time buyer programs with down payments as low as 3% and reduced closing costs for qualified buyers.
Get pre-approved
A mortgage pre-approval letter shows sellers you're a serious buyer. It also tells you exactly how much you can borrow, which helps focus your search. Pre-approval involves a credit check and income verification, and is typically valid for 60–90 days.
Understand your mortgage options
- Fixed-rate mortgage: Your interest rate stays the same for the life of the loan. The 30-year fixed is the most popular option for first-time buyers.
- Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM): A lower initial rate that adjusts after a set period (usually 5 or 7 years). Best if you plan to move or refinance before the rate adjusts.
- FHA loan: Government-backed loans with lower down payment and credit requirements. Good for buyers with limited savings or lower credit scores.
Factor in closing costs
Beyond the down payment, plan for closing costs — typically 2% to 5% of the home's purchase price. These include loan origination fees, appraisal, title insurance, and prepaid taxes and insurance.
Don't skip the home inspection
A professional home inspection costs $300–$500 but can save you thousands by uncovering issues before you buy. It's your chance to negotiate repairs or a lower price based on the home's actual condition.